Arduino-PWM-Frequency

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Changing PWM Frequency on the Arduino

There is a very good tutorial HERE: Credits for the below: http://usethearduino.blogspot.com

On the Arduino UNO and YourDuino RoboRED etc., pins 3,5,6, 9, 10, 11 can be configured for PWM output.

The 8-bit PWM value that you set when you call the analogWrite function: analogWrite(myPWMpin, 128); Outputs a square wave is compared against the value in an 8-bit counter. When the counter is less than the PWM value, the pin outputs a HIGH; when the counter is greater than the PWM value, the pin outputs a LOW. In the example above, a square wave is generated because the pin is HIGH from counts 0 to 127, and LOW from counts 128 to 255, so it is HIGH for the same amount of time it is LOW.

It follows logically that the frequency of the PWM signal is determined by the speed of the counter. Assuming you are using an UNO, this counter's clock is equal to the system clock divided by a prescaler value. The prescaler is a 3-bit value stored in the three least significant bits of the Timer/Counter register: CS02, CS01, and CS00.

There are three such Timer/Counter registers: TCCR0B, TCCR1B, and TCCR2B.

Since there are three different prescalers, the six PWM pins are broken up into three pairs, each pair having its own prescaler. For instance, Arduino pins 6 and 5 are both controlled by TCCR0B, so you can set Arduino pins 6 and 5 to output a PWM signal at one frequency. Arduino pins 9 and 10 are controlled by TCCR1B, so they can be set at a different frequency from pins 6 and 5. Arduino pins 11 and 3 are controlled by TCCR2B, so they may be set at a third frequency. But you can't set different frequencies for pins that are controlled by the same prescaler (e.g. pins 6 and 5 must be at the same frequency).

If you use the default values set by the Arduino Diecimila's bootloader, these are your PWM frequencies:

  • Arduino Pins 5 and 6: 1kHz
  • Arduino Pins 9, 10, 11, and 3: 500Hz

How do you change the PWM frequency?

In the void setup() part of your Arduino code, set or clear the CS02,CS01, and CS00 bits in the relevant TCCRnB register.

For Arduino Uno, Nano, YourDuino RoboRED, Mini Driver, Lilly Pad and any other board using ATmega 8, 168 or 328

//---------------------------------------------- Set PWM frequency for D5 & D6 -------------------------------
//NOTE: Changing this timer 0 affects millis() and delay!
//TCCR0B = TCCR0B & B11111000 | B00000001;    // set timer 0 divisor to     1 for PWM frequency of 62500.00 Hz
//TCCR0B = TCCR0B & B11111000 | B00000010;    // set timer 0 divisor to     8 for PWM frequency of  7812.50 Hz
  TCCR0B = TCCR0B & B11111000 | B00000011;    // set timer 0 divisor to    64 for PWM frequency of   976.56 Hz (The DEFAULT)
//TCCR0B = TCCR0B & B11111000 | B00000100;    // set timer 0 divisor to   256 for PWM frequency of   244.14 Hz
//TCCR0B = TCCR0B & B11111000 | B00000101;    // set timer 0 divisor to  1024 for PWM frequency of    61.04 Hz


//---------------------------------------------- Set PWM frequency for D9 & D10 ------------------------------

//TCCR1B = TCCR1B & B11111000 | B00000001;    // set timer 1 divisor to     1 for PWM frequency of 31372.55 Hz
//TCCR1B = TCCR1B & B11111000 | B00000010;    // set timer 1 divisor to     8 for PWM frequency of  3921.16 Hz
  TCCR1B = TCCR1B & B11111000 | B00000011;    // set timer 1 divisor to    64 for PWM frequency of   490.20 Hz (The DEFAULT)
//TCCR1B = TCCR1B & B11111000 | B00000100;    // set timer 1 divisor to   256 for PWM frequency of   122.55 Hz
//TCCR1B = TCCR1B & B11111000 | B00000101;    // set timer 1 divisor to  1024 for PWM frequency of    30.64 Hz

//---------------------------------------------- Set PWM frequency for D3 & D11 ------------------------------

//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000001;    // set timer 2 divisor to     1 for PWM frequency of 31372.55 Hz
//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000010;    // set timer 2 divisor to     8 for PWM frequency of  3921.16 Hz
//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000011;    // set timer 2 divisor to    32 for PWM frequency of   980.39 Hz
  TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000100;    // set timer 2 divisor to    64 for PWM frequency of   490.20 Hz (The DEFAULT)
//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000101;    // set timer 2 divisor to   128 for PWM frequency of   245.10 Hz
//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000110;    // set timer 2 divisor to   256 for PWM frequency of   122.55 Hz
//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000111;    // set timer 2 divisor to  1024 for PWM frequency of    30.64 Hz

For Arduino Mega1280, Mega2560, MegaADK, Spider or any other board using ATmega1280 or ATmega2560

//---------------------------------------------- Set PWM frequency for D4 & D13 ------------------------------

//TCCR0B = TCCR0B & B11111000 | B00000001;    // set timer 0 divisor to     1 for PWM frequency of 62500.00 Hz
//TCCR0B = TCCR0B & B11111000 | B00000010;    // set timer 0 divisor to     8 for PWM frequency of  7812.50 Hz
  TCCR0B = TCCR0B & B11111000 | B00000011;    <// set timer 0 divisor to    64 for PWM frequency of   976.56 Hz (Default)
//TCCR0B = TCCR0B & B11111000 | B00000100;    // set timer 0 divisor to   256 for PWM frequency of   244.14 Hz
//TCCR0B = TCCR0B & B11111000 | B00000101;    // set timer 0 divisor to  1024 for PWM frequency of    61.04 Hz


//---------------------------------------------- Set PWM frequency for D11 & D12 -----------------------------

//TCCR1B = TCCR1B & B11111000 | B00000001;    // set timer 1 divisor to     1 for PWM frequency of 31372.55 Hz
//TCCR1B = TCCR1B & B11111000 | B00000010;    // set timer 1 divisor to     8 for PWM frequency of  3921.16 Hz
  TCCR1B = TCCR1B & B11111000 | B00000011;    // set timer 1 divisor to    64 for PWM frequency of   490.20 Hz
//TCCR1B = TCCR1B & B11111000 | B00000100;    // set timer 1 divisor to   256 for PWM frequency of   122.55 Hz
//TCCR1B = TCCR1B & B11111000 | B00000101;    // set timer 1 divisor to  1024 for PWM frequency of    30.64 Hz

//---------------------------------------------- Set PWM frequency for D9 & D10 ------------------------------

//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000001;    // set timer 2 divisor to     1 for PWM frequency of 31372.55 Hz
//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000010;    // set timer 2 divisor to     8 for PWM frequency of  3921.16 Hz
//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000011;    // set timer 2 divisor to    32 for PWM frequency of   980.39 Hz
  TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000100;    // set timer 2 divisor to    64 for PWM frequency of   490.20 Hz
//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000101;    // set timer 2 divisor to   128 for PWM frequency of   245.10 Hz
//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000110;    // set timer 2 divisor to   256 for PWM frequency of   122.55 Hz
//TCCR2B = TCCR2B & B11111000 | B00000111;    // set timer 2 divisor to  1024 for PWM frequency of    30.64 Hz


//---------------------------------------------- Set PWM frequency for D2, D3 & D5 ---------------------------

//TCCR3B = TCCR3B & B11111000 | B00000001;    // set timer 3 divisor to     1 for PWM frequency of 31372.55 Hz
//TCCR3B = TCCR3B & B11111000 | B00000010;    // set timer 3 divisor to     8 for PWM frequency of  3921.16 Hz
  TCCR3B = TCCR3B & B11111000 | B00000011;    // set timer 3 divisor to    64 for PWM frequency of   490.20 Hz
//TCCR3B = TCCR3B & B11111000 | B00000100;    // set timer 3 divisor to   256 for PWM frequency of   122.55 Hz
//TCCR3B = TCCR3B & B11111000 | B00000101;    // set timer 3 divisor to  1024 for PWM frequency of    30.64 Hz


//---------------------------------------------- Set PWM frequency for D6, D7 & D8 ---------------------------

//TCCR4B = TCCR4B & B11111000 | B00000001;    // set timer 4 divisor to     1 for PWM frequency of 31372.55 Hz
//TCCR4B = TCCR4B & B11111000 | B00000010;    // set timer 4 divisor to     8 for PWM frequency of  3921.16 Hz
  TCCR4B = TCCR4B & B11111000 | B00000011;    // set timer 4 divisor to    64 for PWM frequency of   490.20 Hz
//TCCR4B = TCCR4B & B11111000 | B00000100;    // set timer 4 divisor to   256 for PWM frequency of   122.55 Hz
//TCCR4B = TCCR4B & B11111000 | B00000101;    // set timer 4 divisor to  1024 for PWM frequency of    30.64 Hz


//---------------------------------------------- Set PWM frequency for D44, D45 & D46 ------------------------

//TCCR5B = TCCR5B & B11111000 | B00000001;    // set timer 5 divisor to     1 for PWM frequency of 31372.55 Hz
//TCCR5B = TCCR5B & B11111000 | B00000010;    // set timer 5 divisor to     8 for PWM frequency of  3921.16 Hz
  TCCR5B = TCCR5B & B11111000 | B00000011;    // set timer 5 divisor to    64 for PWM frequency of   490.20 Hz
//TCCR5B = TCCR5B & B11111000 | B00000100;    // set timer 5 divisor to   256 for PWM frequency of   122.55 Hz
//TCCR5B = TCCR5B & B11111000 | B00000101;    // set timer 5 divisor to  1024 for PWM frequency of    30.64 Hz
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